Showing posts with label gamma emitters. Show all posts
Showing posts with label gamma emitters. Show all posts

Thursday, October 2, 2014

Prior to the first nuclear explosion at Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945, the dietary intake of radiocesium was ZERO

Naturally Occurring Radionuclides:
Isotope Name Half-life Principle Decay Mode Maximum Energy Product of:
Radium-226 1599.0 y alpha 4.78450 Mev Natural Source 238U decay scheme
Radon-222 3.82351 d alpha 5.48966 Mev Same
Polonium-210 138.3763 d alpha 5.30451 Mev daughter 210Bi in radium decay scheme
Artificially Produced Radionuclides which also exist Naturally*:
Tritium 12.346 y beta 0.018610 Mev 6Li
Carbon-14 5730 y beta 0.155 Mev 14N
Krypton-85 10.701 y beta 0.672 Mev 84Kr
Artificial Radionuclides Produced by the Fission Process:
Strontium-89 50.55 d beta 1.488 Mev 88Sr 
Strontium-90 28.82 y beta 0.546 Mev fission
Iodine-129 157 x 107 y beta 0.150 Mev fission
Iodine-131 8.040 d beta 0.6065 Mev fission
Cesium-134 2.062 y beta 1.454 Mev 133Cs
Cesium-137 30.174 y beta 0.51163 Mev fission
Transuranic Nuclides Produced by the Fission Process:
Neptunium-237 2.14 x 106 y alpha 4.2 Mev 241Am
Plutonium-238 87.71 y alpha 5.49921 Mev 238Np
Plutonium-239 2.4131 X 104 y alpha 5.1554 Mev 235mU
Plutonium-241 14.355 y alpha 5.17 Mev Multiple n-capture from 238U, 239Pu
Americium-241 432.0 y alpha 5.48574 Mev 241Pu
Curium-242 162.76 d alpha 6.1129 Mev same as 241Pu
Curium-244 18.099 y alpha 5.80496 Mev same as 241Pu





Other Important Fission Products Include:
Molybdemum-99 67 hr beta 1.23 Mev
Technetium-99 2.12 x 105 y beta 0.292 Mev
Ruthenium-103 39.8 d beta 0.70 Mev
Ruthenium-106 1 y beta 0.039 Mev
Silver-110m 252 d gamma 0.74 Mev
Tellurium-132  78 hr. beta 0.22 Mev
Barium-140 12.8 d beta 1.02 Mev
Cerium-144 290 d beta 0.31 Mev
Europium-154 8.2 y beta 0.70 Mev





Important Activation Products Include:
Nickel-63  100 y beta 0.067 Mev
Nickel-59 76,000 y electron capture 1.06 Mev
Cobalt-58 0.194 y e.c. and gamma 0.474 Mev
Cobalt-60 5.2719 y beta 0.31788 Mev
Iron-55 2.68 y e.c.

Manganese-54 0.855 y gamma 0.835 Mev
Niobium-95 35 d beta 0.160 Mev
Zirconium-95 0.175 y gamma 0.396 Mev